Theory

Patterns

24 patterns representing 24 hours: one day, or a whole life.

Introduction

There are 24 patterns in ITF Taekwon-Do, which form an integral part of the art. They are a series of movements, both attack and defence, against an imaginary opponent, and make use of the techniques taught to the Taekwon-Do student. When performing any pattern, remember:

  • The pattern should begin and end at exactly the same spot. This indicates the performer’s accuracy.
  • Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times.
  • Muscles should be either tensed or relaxed at the proper critical moments.
  • The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with an absence of stiffness.
  • Movement should be accelerated or decelerated accordingly.
  • Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next.
  • Students should know the purpose of each movement.
  • Students should perform each movement with realism.
  • Attack and defence techniques should be equally distributed among right and left hands and feet.

The reason for 24 patterns

General Choi Hong Hi

“The life of a human being, perhaps 100 years, can be considered as a day when compared with eternity. Therefore, we mortals are no more than simple travellers who pass by the eternal years of an eon in a day. […] Here I leave Taekwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man of the late 20th century. The 24 patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all my life.”

The name of the pattern, the number of movements, and the diagrammatic symbol of each pattern symbolise either heroic figures in Korean history or instances relating to historical events.

Four-directional movements

There are also two four-directional exercises performed by the beginner, carried out both clockwise and anticlockwise.

Select any pattern below to see its diagram and step-by-step routine.

Colour belt (Kup) patterns

Chon-Ji

19 moves
9th Kup · Yellow tag

Means literally “the heaven and the earth”. It is, in the Orient, interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, and is therefore the initial pattern played by the beginner. It consists of two similar parts: one to represent heaven and the other earth.

Step-by-step

Dan-Gun

21 moves
8th Kup · Yellow belt

Named after the holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year 2,333 BC.

Step-by-step

Do-San

24 moves
7th Kup · Green tag

The pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang-Ho (1876–1938). The 24 movements represent his entire life, which he devoted to furthering the education of Korea and its independence movement.

Step-by-step

Won-Hyo

28 moves
6th Kup · Green belt

Won-Hyo was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year 686 AD.

Step-by-step

Yul-Gok

38 moves
5th Kup · Blue tag

The pseudonym of the great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536–1584), nicknamed the “Confucius of Korea”. The 38 movements refer to his birthplace on the 38th latitude, and the diagram represents “scholar”.

Step-by-step

Joong-Gun

32 moves
4th Kup · Blue belt

Named after the patriot Ahn Joong-Gun, who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea. The 32 movements represent Mr. Ahn’s age when he was executed in Lui-Shung prison (1910).

Step-by-step

Toi-Gye

37 moves
3rd Kup · Red tag

The pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century), an authority on neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements refer to his birthplace on the 37th latitude; the diagram represents “scholar”.

Step-by-step

Hwa-Rang

29 moves
2nd Kup · Red belt

Named after the Hwa-Rang youth group, which originated in the Silla Dynasty in the early 7th century. The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division, where Taekwon-Do developed into maturity.

Step-by-step

Choong-Moo

30 moves
1st Kup · Black tag

The name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon-Sin of the Lee Dynasty, reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (Kobukson) in 1592. The pattern ends with a left-hand attack to symbolise his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potential, checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king.

Step-by-step

Black belt (Dan) patterns

1st Dan

2nd Dan

3rd Dan

4th Dan

5th Dan

6th Dan